We have recently heard of the ordeal of many people attempting to leave Afghanistan. Among them, many who fear for their lives and those of their families because they served as interpreters for the US and UK troops stationed there. However, the press didn’t bother to acknowledge that the work they did was as interpreters rather than translators. They collectively agreed to define them as translators because explaining the difference probably wouldn’t sell newspapers and online commercials attached to the gruesome news.
I have come to doubt that the meaning of the word ‘interpreter’ is widely known by our clients:
‘Hello, I was called to assist as interpreter English-Spanish today’
‘Ah! You must be the translator’
This is a standard dialogue any interpreter faces when they arrive at a face to face appointment. It might be that for clients, the idea of changing words from one language to another is translation regardless of other conditions involved.
There are in fact many subtle dimensions separating language translation and interpretation beyond the obvious written and oral language. My job is substantially different depending on the task at hand.
As a translator I make my best attempt to replicate the content of a text into the target language but before I get there, I read thoroughly the original text (called source text), research any concept or word that may not have a direct translation and assess the content of the full document to identify its tone, style and audience. All of these will play an important part in the production of a final translation (target text) after I have made my best attempt to translate it as accurately as it is possible.
Working as an interpreter is certainly different. It is unlikely that an interpreter repeats exactly the same words the client is saying throughout an interpreting session, unless it is a conference or a presentation where the interpreter had the opportunity to become familiar with its content beforehand. No need to panic here: a professional interpreter won’t change the meaning of the client’s words. This is why an interpreter and a bilingual person are not the same. Whilst someone bilingual may be able to convey simple messages between two languages, a trained interpreter has to be able to keeping an accurate account of the original message so that not only the words are corresponding with the original message but also the more subtle elements of a conversation remain available for the audience.
Because of the speed of verbal communication, cultural nuances, body language and other sources of information present in an interpreting session, the interference created requires the professional interpreter to do much more than simply translate words.
This by no means implies that translators have it easier than interpreters. Google translate has given us hilarious examples of why human translators are not replaceable and it has become apparent that this is unlikely to happen any time soon. Artificial Intelligence advocates are welcome to continue trying and refining their language inventions but the fact that languages are alive and continuously evolving, may require considering substantial development before machines take over our work.
This week the UN celebrates World Translation Day to pay homage to language professionals whose responsibility to create bridges between cultures, countries and peoples is often taken for granted. I can only hope that the difference between interpreters and translators also helps to draw attention to language professions and its importance in reaching agreement beyond individual differences.